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The Supreme Leader of Iran ((ペルシア語:ولی فقیه ایران), ',〔Article 108, Iranian Constitution〕 lit. Guardian Jurist of Iran, or , ',〔Article 89-91, Iranian Constitution〕 lit. Leader of the Revolution), officially in Iran, the Supreme Leadership Authority ((ペルシア語:مقام معظم رهبری)), is the head of state and highest ranking political and religious authority in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The post was established by the constitution in accordance with the concept of Guardianship of the Islamic Jurists.〔Article 5, Iranian Constitution〕 The title ''"Supreme"'' Leader (Persian: , ''vali-e faghih'') is often used as a sign of respect; however, this terminology is not found in the constitution of Iran, which simply referred to the "Leader" (''rahbar''; ). The Supreme Leader is more powerful than the President of Iran and appoints the heads of many powerful posts in the military, the civil government, and the judiciary.〔"Who's in Charge?" by Ervand Abrahamian ''London Review of Books'', 6 November 2008〕 Originally Iran's constitution stated that the Leader must be a ''Marja'-e taqlid'', the highest ranking cleric and authority on religious laws in Usuli Twelver Shia Islam. However, in 1989, the constitution was amended to require simply Islamic "scholarship" of the leader, i.e., the leader could be a lower ranking cleric.〔Moin, Baqer, ''Khomeini'', (2001), p.293〕〔"Article 109 (Qualifications ) ''(1) Following are the essential qualifications and conditions for the Leader:'' ''a. Scholarship, as required for performing the functions of religious leader in different fields.''〕 In its history, the Islamic Republic has had two Supreme Leaders: Ruhollah Khomeini, who held the position from 1979 until his death in 1989, and Sayyed Ali Khamenei, who has held the position since Khomeini's death. The Supreme Leader is elected and supervised by the Assembly of Experts. Any declaration of war or peace is to be made by the Supreme Leader together with a two-thirds majority of Parliament. ==Mandate and Status== The Supreme Leader is elected by the Assembly of Experts ((ペルシア語:مجلس خبرگان), ''Majles-e Khobregan''), which is also in charge of overseeing the Leader and confirming him in his position for a term of 8 years without prohibition to the number of terms. The Leader is the Commander in Chief of the armed forces and the provisional Head of the three branches of Government (the Judiciary, the Legislature, and the Executive). He appoints (or inaugurates) and oversees the following offices: * (inaugurates) the President and may also together with a two third majority of the Parliament impeach him. * the Chief Justice (head of the Judiciary Branch قوه قضائیه usually a member of the Council of Experts) for a term of 8 years, * the members of the Expediency Discernment Council for a term of 5 years. * 6 of the 12 Members of the Guardian Council from among the members of the Council of Experts the other 6 are chosen by the Parliament. * the head of the National Radio and Television Institution IRIB for a term of 8 years * the head of the Foundation of Martyrs and Veterans Affairs * the Imams of the Friday Prayer of each Province Capital (with the advice of all the Marja') for a lifetime * Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran * * the Commander of the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran * * the Commander of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army * * the Commander of the Islamic Republic of Iran Navy * * the Commander of the Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force * * the Commander of the Islamic Republic of Iran Air Defense Force * Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) * * the Commander of the IRGC * * the Commander of the IRGC Ground Forces * * the Commander of the IRGC Navy * * the Commander of the IRGC Aerospace Force * * the Commander of the IRGC Quds Force * * the Commander of the Basij Organization * the Commander of the Law Enforcement Force * the Heads of the Counter Intelligence Units * the Heads of the Intelligence Units Also the declaration of war and peace is to be made by the Supreme Leader together with a two third majority of the Parliament.〔Article 110, Iranian Constitution〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Supreme Leader of Iran」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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